Coltul cu dileme
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RA spune:
The Name of God
Level: Basic
Please note: This page contains the Name of God. If you print it out, please treat it with appropriate respect.
The Significance of Names
In Jewish thought, a name is not merely an arbitrary designation, a random combination of sounds. The name conveys the nature and essence of the thing named. It represents the history and reputation of the being named.
This is not as strange or unfamiliar a concept as it may seem at first glance. In English, we often refer to a person's reputation as his "good name." When a company is sold, one thing that may be sold is the company's "good will," that is, the right to use the company's name. The Hebrew concept of a name is very similar to these ideas.
An example of this usage occurs in Ex. 3:13-22: Moses asks God what His "name" is. Moses is not asking "what should I call you;" rather, he is asking "who are you; what are you like; what have you done." That is clear from God's response. God replies that He is eternal, that He is the God of our ancestors, that He has seen our affliction and will redeem us from bondage.
Another example of this usage is the concepts of chillul Ha-Shem and kiddush Ha-Shem. An act that causes God or Judaism to come into disrespect or a commandment to be disobeyed is often referred to as "chillul Ha-Shem," profanation of The Name. Clearly, we are not talking about a harm done to a word; we are talking about harm to a reputation. Likewise, any deed that increases the respect accorded to God or Judaism is referred to as "kiddush Ha-Shem," sanctification of The Name.
Because a name represents the reputation of the thing named, a name should be treated with the same respect as the thing's reputation. For this reason, God's Names, in all of their forms, are treated with enormous respect and reverence in Judaism.
The Names of God
I have often heard people refer to the Judeo-Christian God as "the nameless God" to contrast our God with the ancient pagan gods. I always found this odd, because Judaism clearly recognizes the existence of a Name for God; in fact, we have many Names for God.
The most important of God's Names is the four-letter Name represented by the Hebrew letters Yod-Heh-Vav-Heh (YHVH). It is often referred to as the Ineffable Name, the Unutterable Name or the Distinctive Name. Linguistically, it is related to the Hebrew root Heh-Yod-Heh (to be), and reflects the fact that God's existence is eternal. In scripture, this Name is used when discussing God's relation with human beings, and when emphasizing his qualities of lovingkindness and mercy. It is frequently shortened to Yah (Yod-Heh), Yahu or Yeho (Yod-Heh-Vav), especially when used in combination with names or phrases, as in Yehoshua (Joshua, meaning "the Lord is my Salvation"), Eliyahu (Elijah, meaning "my God is the Lord"), and Halleluyah ("praise the Lord").
The first Name used for God in scripture is Elohim. In form, the word is a masculine plural of a word that looks feminine in the singular (Eloha). The same word (or, according to Rambam, a homonym of it) is used to refer to princes, judges, other gods, and other powerful beings. This Name is used in scripture when emphasizing God's might, His creative power, and his attributes of justice and rulership. Variations on this name include El, Eloha, Elohai (my God) and Elohaynu (our God).
God is also known as El Shaddai. This Name is usually translated as "God Almighty," however, the derivation of the word "Shaddai" is not known. According to some views, it is derived from the root meaning "to heap benefits." According a Midrash, it means, "The One who said 'dai'" ("dai" meaning enough or sufficient) and comes from the fact that when God created the universe, it expanded until He said "DAI!" (perhaps the first recorded theory of an expanding universe?). The name Shaddai is the one written on the mezuzah scroll. Some note that Shaddai is an acronym of Shomer Daltot Yisrael, Guardian of the Doors of Israel.
Another significant Name of God is YHVH Tzva'ot. This Name is normally translated as "Lord of Hosts." The word "tzva'ot" means "hosts" in the sense of a military grouping or an organized array. The Name refers to God's leadership and sovereignty. Interestingly, this Name is rarely used in scripture. It never appears in the Torah (i.e., the first five books). It appears primarily in the prophetic books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi, as well as many times in the Psalms.
Writing the Name of God
Jews do not casually write any Name of God. This practice does not come from the commandment not to take the Lord's Name in vain, as many suppose. In Jewish thought, that commandment refers solely to oath-taking, and is a prohibition against swearing by God's Name falsely or frivolously (the word normally translated as "in vain" literally means "for falsehood").
Judaism does not prohibit writing the Name of God per se; it prohibits only erasing or defacing a Name of God. However, observant Jews avoid writing any Name of God casually because of the risk that the written Name might later be defaced, obliterated or destroyed accidentally or by one who does not know better.
The commandment not to erase or deface the name of God comes from Deut. 12:3. In that passage, the people are commanded that when they take over the promised land, they should destroy all things related to the idolatrous religions of that region, and should utterly destroy the names of the local deities. Immediately afterwards, we are commanded not to do the same to our God. From this, the rabbis inferred that we are commanded not to destroy any holy thing, and not to erase or deface a Name of God.
It is worth noting that this prohibition against erasing or defacing Names of God applies only to Names that are written in some kind of permanent form, and recent rabbinical decisions have held that writing on a computer is not a permanent form, thus it is not a violation to type God's Name into a computer and then backspace over it or cut and paste it, or copy and delete files with God's Name in them. However, once you print the document out, it becomes a permanent form. That is why observant Jews avoid writing a Name of God on web sites like this one or in newsgroup messages: because there is a risk that someone else will print it out and deface it.
Normally, we avoid writing the Name by substituting letters or syllables, for example, writing "G-d" instead of "God." In addition, the number 15, which would ordinarily be written in Hebrew as Yod-Heh (10-5), is normally written as Tet-Vav (9-6), because Yod-Heh is a Name. See Hebrew Alphabet for more information about using letters as numerals.
Pronouncing the Name of God
Nothing in the Torah prohibits a person from pronouncing the Name of God. Indeed, it is evident from scripture that God's Name was pronounced routinely. Many common Hebrew names contain "Yah" or "Yahu," part of God's four-letter Name. The Name was pronounced as part of daily services in the Temple.
The Mishnah confirms that there was no prohibition against pronouncing The Name in ancient times. In fact, the Mishnah recommends using God's Name as a routine greeting to a fellow Jew. Berakhot 9:5. However, by the time of the Talmud, it was the custom to use substitute Names for God. Some rabbis asserted that a person who pronounces YHVH according to its letters (instead of using a substitute) has no place in the World to Come, and should be put to death. Instead of pronouncing the four-letter Name, we usually substitute the Name "Adonai," or simply say "Ha-Shem" (lit. The Name).
Although the prohibition on pronunciation applies only to the four-letter Name, Jews customarily do not pronounce any of God's many Names except in prayer or study. The usual practice is to substitute letters or syllables, so that Adonai becomes Adoshem or Ha-Shem, Elohaynu and Elohim become Elokaynu and Elokim, etc.
With the Temple destroyed and the prohibition on pronouncing The Name outside of the Temple, pronunciation of the Name fell into disuse. Scholars passed down knowledge of the correct pronunciation of YHVH for many generations, but eventually the correct pronunciation was lost, and we no longer know it with any certainty. We do not know what vowels were used, or even whether the Vav in the Name was a vowel or a consonant. See Hebrew Alphabet for more information about the difficulties in pronouncing Hebrew. Some religious scholars suggest that the Name was pronounced "Yahweh," but others do not find this pronunciation particularly persuasive.
Some people render the four-letter Name as "Jehovah," but this pronunciation is particularly unlikely. The word "Jehovah" comes from the fact that ancient Jewish texts used to put the vowels of the Name "Adonai" (the usual substitute for YHVH) under the consonants of YHVH to remind people not to pronounce YHVH as written. A sixteenth century German Christian scribe, while transliterating the Bible into Latin for the Pope, wrote the Name out as it appeared in his texts, with the consonants of YHVH and the vowels of Adonai, and came up with the word JeHoVaH, and the name stuck.
SURSA:
http://www.jewfaq.org/name.htm
Sper ca-ti va aduce unele lamuriri
Cat despre episod,personal inclin sa spun ca ar fi fost mai potrivit pentru a doua porunca!Dar e doar o parere...
Dilema mea este:putem spune "Iisus a facut cerurile si pamantul?"
(Va marturisesc ca-mi suna obsedant in urechi,atat de obsedant incat, de cand s-a pus in discutie,aici pe forum,aproape numai la asta ma gandesc!)
irina.c. spune:
quote:Da,pentru ca Iisus este Dumnezeu.Irina si bb Ilinca(26apr04)
Dilema mea este:putem spune "Iisus a facut cerurile si pamantul?"
(Va marturisesc ca-mi suna obsedant in urechi,atat de obsedant incat, de cand s-a pus in discutie,aici pe forum,aproape numai la asta ma gandesc!)Ingrid"Romania-tinuta umila a splendorii."
Traiesc in Romania si asta imi ocupa tot timpul
ILINCA
carti
Adela99 spune:
putem spune "Iisus a facut cerurile si pamantul?"
cred ca cei care cred in Sfanta Treime pot spune asta.
Facerea lumii
1.1.La inceput a facut Dumnezeu cerul si pamantul.
1.2.Si pamantul era netocmit si gol. Intuneric era deasupra adancului si Duhul lui Dumnezeu Se purta pe deasupra apelor.
[...]
1.26. Si a zis Dumnezeu: "Sa facem om dupa chipul si dupa asemanarea Noastra, ca sa stapaneasca pestii marii, pasarile cerului, animalele domestice, toate vietatile ce se tarasc pe pamant si tot pamantul!"
Epistola catre Colosei a Sfantului Apostol Pavel
1.15. Acesta este chipul lui Dumnezeu celui nevazut, mai intai nascut decat toata faptura.
1.16. Pentru ca intru El au fost facute toate, cele din ceruri si cele de pe pamant, cele vazute, si cele nevazute, fie tronuri, fie domnii, fie incepatorii, fie stapanii. Toate s-au facut prin El si pentru El.
1.17. El este mai inainte decat toate si toate prin El sunt asezate.
1.18. Si El este capul trupului, al Bisericii; El este inceputul, intaiul nascut din morti, ca sa fie El cel dintai intru toate.
xenocid spune:
Eu am o dilema legata de moasca!!
Da stiu, conform DEX-ului substantivul moaste este defectiv de singular dar eu ii voi spune totusi moasca!
Cel mai rau lucru ce ti se poate intimpla in viata de dupa e sa ajungi moasca. Poti sa fi fost un ticalos notoriu (vezi constantin cel mare sau chiril din alexandria) dar daca cineva decide sa scoata din tine o editie revazuta si adaugita - "hai baieti la cazmale ca avem treaba".
Pina aici nimic senzational. Si Lucy este o doamna respectabila in varsta de cam 2.000.000 de ani care este inca admirata. asta e buna de camera ascunsa. sa te duci la muzeul omului din paris sa'ti faci cruci si sa aprinzi lumanari la standurile cu fosile dupa ce ai lasat in prealabil cate un ban de 10 pe fiecare
Problema cu slujitorii domnului e ca dupa ce te-au scos la lumina pun mana pe bonfaier si'ti impart haru' si madularu' in toate colturile lumii.
Apoi te aseaza cu dragoste intr'o cutiuta de sticla captusita cu vascoza lila cu tiv si rejansa. Si incepe calvarul...
Daca o bucatica din tine tocmai a rezolvat accidental o problema de hemoroizi la 2000km incepe pelerinajul. Sute de babe in tenesi isi vor freca naframele batistele jartierele de tigva ta pina o lucesc apoi si le vor indesa p'acolo pe unde le doare mai tare. Daca le'ai rezolvat "ne vedem si duminica viitoare" daca nu "ne vedem deseara".
Si asa ajungi sa'ti blestemi zilele in care ti'ai luat doza recomandata de calciu si nu'ti doresti altceva decat sa te faci mai repede pulbere.
Exista si genul de moasca privilegiata care este aratata adoratorilor o singura data pe an dar atunci platesc cu varf si indesat sperand sa nu crape geamul de tine la distanta miile de buze paroase de vin sa le linga.
Recomandat ar fi ca atunci cand ne vine sa murim sa ne ducem sa ne pitim undeva bine. Nu se stie niciodata!
Alin
*segmentation fault*
roxana1974 spune:
Presimt ca vor veni zeci de fani, cu camasile tremurand de ras la mesajul lui xeno si la marea descoperire a singularului lui moaste ura! ura! ura! vor striga fanii...but in reality, is not funny.
o bibilica, do-o bibilici, trei bibilici ... "Fiecare pasare, pe limba ei piere ..." 
DARAEL spune:
quote:
Originally posted by roxana1974
Presimt ca vor veni zeci de fani, cu camasile tremurand de ras la mesajul lui xeno si la marea descoperire a singularului lui moaste ura! ura! ura! vor striga fanii...but in reality, is not funny.
o bibilica, do-o bibilici, trei bibilici ... "Fiecare pasare, pe limba ei piere ..."
Eu nu zic ura, dar ma gandesc asa...... “Oare ce zic sfintii acestia ca oamenii le impart trupul in n-spe parti ?”
Si mai e ceva: “De ce oamenii acestia credinciosi nu se roaga direct lui Dumnezeu si-l pun pe saracul sfant sa alerge pentru ei cu mesaje ? Oare sfantul nu are alta treaba acolo unde este ?
Chiar, de ce fac asta oamenii ? Le e frica de o relatie directa cu Dumnezeu / Allah / Krishna, sunt smeriti, umili sau cum.... ?”
Hm, ce de dileme aici......
Singur, DARAEL
Ratacitor prin Lume
http://www.geocities.com/dara2el/
“A te invinge pe tine insuti este prima si cea mai frumoasa dintre toate victoriile.“ DEMOCRIT
adusca spune:
nu, nu e amuzant pt ca chiar are dreptate xeno, poate dac-ar fi spus vreo gluma buna mi-ar fi tremurat camesa pe mine de ras, insa e trist.
sa va mai amintesc ca sunt din Iasi si-n fiecare an de sfanta Parascheva vin in jur de un milion de pelerini? de multe ori s-au calcat in picioare, sunt scene parca desprinse dintr-un film de groaza.
Fetele de pe DC
Viata e ca carosabilu'...unii vine....altii trece....
roxana1974 spune:
pai atunci e naspa adusca daca la Iasi se petrece una ca asta. sa va spun eu cum a fost cand moastele lui Sf Anton au ajuns la Cluj? Tocmai din Italia? Deci nu vin odata pe an cum vine Sf. Paraschiva, ci poate odata in viata...pai in Ardeal a fost frumooos, civilizaaaat, a stat lumea pasnic la coaaada, se tineau intre timp sluuuujbe si tot doritorul a putut vedea/atinge (nu-mi vine in minte cum ii spune ca e tarziu si mi-e somn...) chestia aia in care stau moastele 
...nu-mi vine sa cred stiu cuvantul in franceza si nu-l stiu in romana...da mi-e lene sa caut dictionarul si ca sa nu ziceti ca va mintzesc il scriu asa: le reliquaire ...
o bibilica, do-o bibilici, trei bibilici ... "Fiecare pasare, pe limba ei piere ..."
xenocid spune:
quote:
Originally posted by roxana1974
(nu-mi vine in minte cum ii spune ca e tarziu si mi-e somn...) chestia aia in case stau moastele
Mooshtar
*segmentation fault*
roxana1974 spune:
mersi xeno, excelent, dar io tot nu-l stiu decat in limbi straine, intre timp mi-am editat mesajul, vezi si tu...
o bibilica, do-o bibilici, trei bibilici ... "Fiecare pasare, pe limba ei piere ..."